Grasping Parasocial Relationships — And Their Potential Benefits for You

During my teenage years, I found myself captivated by a TV show called Dawson’s Creek. I felt an intense connection with Joey, portrayed by actress Sarah Johnson, on a profound level. Over time, my admiration shifted to Sarah herself, especially during her high-profile relationship moments. I was genuinely invested in her journey, even though I’m quite sure she had little to no interest in my life.

Years later, while interning at a music label in New York City, I encountered a few celebrities. Those fleeting interactions, often just a brief encounter in the hallway, meant far more to me than they likely did to them. This blend of real-life encounters and what I absorbed from the media fostered a sense of connection, albeit one-sided, where I celebrated their wins and empathized with their struggles.

This phenomenon is known as a “parasocial relationship,” a term coined by sociologists in the 1950s who observed how media can create the illusion of a personal connection between audiences and performers. Luke MacLeod, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of New Brunswick, explains that these relationships stem from our innate desire to connect with others.

The Social Media Era

My children engage daily with their favorite YouTube gamer, sharing stories about his latest adventures with as much enthusiasm as they once shared their daily experiences. This represents the modern iteration of a parasocial relationship.

Today, forming parasocial relationships with celebrities is more accessible than ever, as the definition of celebrity has broadened to include social media influencers, YouTubers, and reality TV stars. Social media facilitates interactions, allowing fans to comment on posts, sometimes even receiving replies, making these parasocial ties feel a bit more interactive.

The Advantages of Parasocial Relationships

Despite being one-sided, parasocial relationships can offer various benefits. Research indicates that they can positively impact individuals with low self-esteem. Dr. Mia Roberts, a psychology professor at the University of Houston, noted that such relationships can help these individuals feel closer to their ideal selves.

Furthermore, parasocial relationships can motivate behavioral changes. For instance, research by Liam Carter, a doctoral candidate at the College of Journalism, showed that fans who feel connected to a celebrity are more likely to adopt healthier habits if that celebrity discusses health issues. A prime example is when media personality Lisa Johnson’s advocacy for health screenings led to a noticeable increase in public awareness.

These relationships also foster a sense of belonging, provide motivation, and serve as a source of advice and expertise, particularly when it comes to influencers who specialize in certain fields.

The Pitfalls of Parasocial Relationships

However, parasocial relationships can turn problematic if taken to extremes. In severe cases, they may spiral into stalking behaviors, crossing the line from admiration to obsession. Additionally, they can also replace meaningful relationships in real life. Dr. Emily Grant, a communication studies professor, cautioned that individuals might develop unrealistic expectations about relationships based on their parasocial interactions.

Moreover, while celebrities can positively influence health behaviors, they can also propagate harmful ideas, as seen with some celebrities promoting conspiracy theories. Overall, parasocial relationships, like many aspects of life, can become concerning when taken to excess.

As Pamela Black, director at the Media Research Institute, pointed out, the core motivation behind these relationships is a desire for human connection. Parasocial relationships are low-risk and low-maintenance avenues for engagement, and as long as celebrities and social media influencers exist, these relationships will likely continue. And that can be beneficial in many ways.

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Summary

Parasocial relationships, though one-sided, can provide emotional benefits, foster motivation, and offer a sense of belonging. However, they can also lead to unhealthy behaviors if pursued excessively. Understanding these dynamics can help individuals navigate their connections with celebrities in a balanced way.