In October, the Antares rocket had a dramatic mishap, bursting into flames just moments after launching from Virginia’s Wallops Flight Facility. Among its cargo were several student-designed experiments and materials for ongoing research aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Although those experiments never reached their destination, the ISS is bustling with fascinating research that takes advantage of its unique microgravity environment. From fire to water, and even the growth of peas and the exploration of human emotions, here are some cool experiments currently happening in space:
Spherical Flames
When you light a match on Earth, flames shoot upward, thanks to hot air rising. However, in microgravity, flames behave quite differently. In the Flame Extinguishment Experiment (FLEX-2), astronauts ignite droplets of various liquid fuels in a controlled environment. NASA astronaut Jamie Taylor described the flickering spheres as “fire jellyfish,” drifting as if they were alive. By studying these burning droplets, scientists aim to understand soot formation and combustion speeds, ultimately paving the way for more efficient fuels back on Earth.
Mice on a Mission
Space travel can suppress the immune system, which poses challenges for astronauts. One interesting experiment involves administering a tetanus vaccine to a group of mice aboard the ISS. Some mice receive an immune-boosting serum to see if it can counteract the immune suppression caused by spaceflight. Observing how these space mice respond might provide insights for developing better vaccines and medications for humans as well.
Fire-Starting Water?
Imagine a form of water that ignites fires instead of extinguishing them! That’s what researchers are exploring with “supercritical water.” This phenomenon occurs when water is subjected to extreme pressure and heated beyond 703°F. It transforms into a unique state described by NASA as “a liquid-like gas.” When supercritical water interacts with organic materials, it can ignite a flameless fire. This process produces only pure water and carbon dioxide, making it an environmentally friendly option for waste treatment, which the Navy is already utilizing on some of its ships.
Space Peas
Astronauts on long missions to asteroids or Mars will need to grow their own food. Since essential resources like soil, sunlight, and water are scarce in space, scientists are experimenting with growing pea shoots aboard the ISS. Germinated on Earth and transported in special containers, these peas are exposed to different combinations of red and blue LED lights to determine the most effective growth conditions. The findings could help not just in space travel but also revolutionize how we grow vegetables here on Earth with minimal resources.
Astronaut Diaries
One of the most intriguing experiments on the ISS doesn’t involve high-tech gadgets, but rather the personal journals of astronauts. Since 2003, crew members have recorded their experiences and feelings three times a week, providing a window into the emotional and psychological impacts of long-term isolation in space. While their insights remain confidential, the analysis could reveal valuable information about managing stress and mental health in confined environments. For real-time updates from the ISS, follow them on Twitter!
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In summary, the ISS is a hub of groundbreaking research, from understanding the behavior of fire and water under microgravity to exploring the psychological effects of space travel. These studies not only enlighten us about the cosmos but also hold potential benefits for life on Earth.